Byes: runs taken when the ball passes the batter touching NEITHER bat NOR body. Leg byes: ball hits the batter's body (not the bat) and they run — allowed ONLY if the batter attempted a stroke or was avoiding the ball (Law 23); there are no other conditions. Wide: +1 run and the ball is re-bowled. No-ball: +1, re-bowled, and a free hit in white-ball cricket. Overthrows: when the hit came off the bat, overthrow runs ARE credited to the batter (Ben Stokes' deflected six in the 2019 World Cup final); otherwise they count as extras. And there is no designated hitter: ALL 11 players must bat, but only a few ever bowl — the specialization runs opposite to baseball's.
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